![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() In turn, the diagnosis of AD was based on the criteria of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke/Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS/ADRA). The MCI diagnosis was defined based on the criteria of Petersen. The occupational therapist who applied the MoCA-BR did not participate in the consensus meeting for selection and classification of the elderly, in an effort to avoid the risk of bias by using the information on the MoCA-BR performance for the definition of a cognitive diagnosis. The exclusion criteria for the AD group were: a diagnosis of mixed dementia (AD associated with another type of dementia), and moderate or advanced stages of dementia evaluated by CDR.Ĭonsidering the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the medical interview, past and current medical histories of the elderly, and the performance of a complete neuropsychological evaluation performed by an experience professional, a team composed of a psychiatrist, a neuropsychologist, and a geriatric doctor classified, following a consensus meeting, the participants selected for the control group, the MCI group, and the AD CDR 1 group. The inclusion criteria for the AD group were: age ≥65 years education ≥4 years a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), supported by neuropsychological tests showing cognitive impairment and a functional evaluation showing a decrease in functionality and mild stage dementia, evaluated through CDR, corresponding to a score equal to 1 using this tool. The exclusion criterion for the MCI group was a diagnosis of dementia. The inclusion criteria of the MCI group were: age ≥65 years education ≥4 years a subjective cognitive complaint, preferably confirmed by an informant an objective cognitive deficit confirmed by a low performance under the level expected on neuropsychological tests normal general cognitive functions and intact or minimally impaired functional activities. The exclusion criteria for the control group were: a diagnosis of dementia a diagnosis of relevant neurological or psychiatric diseases or systematic uncontrolled chronic diseases that have an impact on cognition a history of alcoholism or substance abuse aphasia or a visual, hearing, or motor handicap evidence of loss of autonomy or independence in daily activities regular use of psychotropic drugs and altered performance on neuropsychological tests. Loss of the ability to group words into subsets (e.g.The inclusion criteria for the control group were: age ≥65 years and education ≥4 years.36-point total score, 12-point recognition score.Biased against visually impaired and poorly educated.Not as useful or sensitive as MMSE or MOCA for initial diagnosis.Pattern of scoring correlates well with – and hence helps determine – the clinical type of dementia.Correlates well with severity of dementia as seen in poor MMSE scores.Associated score then calculated by the assessor.Set the hands and numbers on the face so that a child could read them. Instruct the patient to draw a clock that says 1:45.Designed to elicit executive impairment.Though different suggestive cut-offs for those disadvantaged are available, they are not validated.Still has some bias against people with poor education.More sensitive at detection of mild dementia (100% sensitivity in some studies).More complete assessment of all aspects of cognition, including visuospacial, attention, word-finding.Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) – click here Copyrighted and should officially only be accessed via the Psychological Assessment Resourcing (PAR).Poor sensitivity at detected mild/early dementia.Limited examination of visuospacial cognitive ability.Biased against people with poor education due to elements of language and mathematical testing.Can provide a method of monitoring deterioration over time.Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) – click here ![]() The following are some of the most common tests utilised, but is by no means an exhaustive list. They all have advantages and disadvantages so the best test should be decided on a case-by-case basis, depending on what additional information one hopes to gain. There are a variety of different cognitive function tests that have been designed and validated to help diagnose and subtype dementia. ![]()
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